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The coefficient of inbreeding (COI) gives the probability that for any given locus there are two copies of the same allele. For example an coefficient of inbreeding of 15% means that 15% of all of the genes of an animal are homozygous.

COI calculation in bee breeding differs in two important aspects from most other animals:
• In a certain colony the queen bee and the worker bees have different parents. Therefore a separate COI has to be given for the queen and the workers. Both COIs impact the properties of the colony.
• Mating with drones differs significantly from other animals.

For both reasons specific methods for calculating the COI have to be used.

We follow the approach by Bienefeld et al. 2007 https://www.apidologie.org/articles/apido/pdf/2007/01/m6058.pdf and Bienefeld et al. 1989 https://www.apidologie.org/articles/apido/pdf/1989/05/Apidologie_0044-8435_1989_20_5_ART0009.pdf

Example for Predict COI for mating partner (COI = Coefficient of Inbreeding)

This page provides predicted coefficients of inbreeding (COI) when mating a breeder colony (mother) with a drone colony in 2022.

You can search by name of the planned mother colony and year of birth of the queen of the mother colony. In case the name is part of an anonymous queen (e.g B466(FF)) and the year of birth is the previous year (in 2022 this would be .21) also mating partners for anonymous queens (e.g. that have B466(FF).21 as a parent) are displayed.

If there are multiple hits for the same search, multiple tabs are displayed, one for each possible mother colony matching the search. By clicking on a tab, you can select a mother colony.

Queen bee COI child colony: as the queen of the child colony is a sister of the workers of the mother colony, the queen's coefficient of inbreeding is identical to the coefficient of inbreeding of the workers of the mother colony and cannot be influenced by mating in 2022. This is the COI displayed in the corresponding tabs.

Below the tabs you see the results for the different possible drone colonies. By clicking on the red arrow, you can sort the table by increasing/decreasing COI.

Worker bee COI child colony: the inbreeding of the workers depends on the type of mating. Single Drone Insemination (SDI) resulting in the highest COI, Multiple Drone Insemination (MDI, all drones from the same colony) in a moderate COI and a mating station in the lowest COI. Of course in any case the COI of the parents and their relatedness has overall a very big effect.

By clicking on the “show” button, the full pedigree of queen and drone colonies and their evaluation are displayed.

Note: this is available only for colonies which have been added to the pedigree before January 1st 2022. Updates can be provided in monthly intervals.

We follow the approach by Bienefeld et al. 2007 https://www.apidologie.org/articles/apido/pdf/2007/01/m6058.pdf and Bienefeld et al. 1989 https://www.apidologie.org/articles/apido/pdf/1989/05/Apidologie_0044-8435_1989_20_5_ART0009.pdf

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